Introduction L'Italie de Mussolini a couru longtemps après un char moyen qui puisse se comparer aux productions deux autres nations à. En effet, les belligérants ont produit avant la deuxième guerre mondiale ont produit différent char de type moyen comme le BT. 7, le S. 35, PZ IV. L'Italie n'a pas produit de chars de ce type avant le début de la deuxième guerre mondiale. Le Regio Esercito a dû se contenter de chars légers de la série M 13 ou super légers comme les tankettes de la série L. Il faut attendre l'année 1943 pour voir arriver un char véritablement moyen capable de rivaliser avec les autres les engins.
Il a eu un développement très long. Les premières mentions du char se trouvent dans la publication Impiego delle Unite Carriste du 1er décembre 1938 qui dresse la fiche programme de ce char. La firme Ansaldo présente rapidement un modèle en bois du char équipé d’un moteur injection à essence de 12 cylindres en V. Le sept octobre 40 le Maréchal Graziani chef d'état-major publie une note de Mussolini prévoyant la construction de 500 chars armés d'un canon de 75/18mm plus le canon de 20 mm coaxial.
Le char fut alors appelé P 75 à cause de l'armement de sa tourelle.
Le P 43 et le P 43 bis qui sont commandés immédiatement sur plan à 150 exemplaires ils auraient dû être armés d'un canon de 90 mm
La motorisation.
Cela est toujours un problème pour le char et le P 40 n'échappa pas à la règle. Il faut en effet réussir à placer dans un espace restreint un groupe motopropulseur Compaq léger et puissant mais aussi qui puissent être facilement dépanné. Le choix aussi doit être fait entre le diesel et l’essence. Chaque type à ses partisans et ses détracteurs. Comme nous le voyons le P 40 a été au centre de vifs débats. Longtemps les Italiens ont été bercés par l'illusion de pouvoir monter sur ce char le moteur Maybach HL 120 mm 120 mai à essence cela n'était qu'illusion ni même lorsque les Allemands reprirent leur compte la fabrication du char jamais une montèrent ce type de moteur. Les chiffre de production de ces chars divergents selon que l'on se place du côté allemand ou du côté italien mais il ressort que ce char a été construit presque exclusivement pour les allemands. En effet le P 40 a été présenté par Hitler lors d'une démonstration au camps d’Arrys en Prusse orientale. Celui-ci fit une forte impression à Hitler qui décida la commande immédiate de ce char en série pour l'armée allemande 150 chars furent immédiatement commandées le cinq octobre1943
Les premiers chars sortis et furent immédiatement saisis par les autorités allemandes en vue deux affectée à la Wehrmacht. Le 30 décembre 1943 cinq P. 40 étaient un service dans une unité d'entraînement le Ausbildung Abt Süd (Heeresgruppe C). Les archives donnent des chiffres différents
En 1943, 12 chars avec moteur et 11 sans moteur sont produits. En 1944 48 chars avec moteur et 29 sans moteur sont produits. Ce qui donne un total de 101 chars. Ces chiffres diffèrent des chiffres allemands qui donnent 150 chars construits. Les chars sans moteur sont affectés à la défense statique comme casemate. De chars sont actuellement conservés en Italie un à Rome au Musée de la Motorisation sans moteur et l'autre à Lecce à l'école de cavalerie italienne. Emploi tactique.
Le char P 40 aurait dû dans l'armée italienne prend la place du semovente 75/12. Avant même l'arrivée en unité des chars de bataillon de chars et furent constituées le I°à Vercelli le 1er août 43 et le II° à Rome.Chaque bataillon aurait dû avoir 40 P 40
Mais jamais ce char n'entrera jamais en service dans l'armée royale italienne et il fut seulement présent à 4 exemplaires dans celui de la RSI par contre il fut livré aux allemands qui constituèrent trois compagnies de chars 2 de Polizei et 1 de Waffen-SS . D'autres témoignages parle de l'utilisation de 25 chars à Anzio et aussi sur la ligne Gothique dans quatre secteurs ou même le P 40 sans moteur (P 40 ortfest) fut utilisé. Les P 40 utilisés par les SS le furent dans le Friul et il est fait mention d'un combat entre le P40 de Kummerdorf contre les T. 34 Russes en 1945.
Description de ce char.
Il se présente de façon classique avec un châssis abrita à l'avant le poste de pilotage au centre le compartiment de combat et à l'arrière le groupe moto propulseur (GMP). Dérivés
Les P40 coloniale et Veloce qui ne sont restés qu'à l'état de prototype.
Le semovente 105/23 prototype Canonne 149/40 construits à peu d'exemplaires toujours pour l'armée allemande. Caractéristiques. Type Carro Pesante P26/40 ou Panzerkampfwagen P40 737(i) Poids 26 t équipage 4 longueur 5.8m Largeur 2.8m Hauteur 2.5m Motorisation diesel V8 de 330 chevaux refroidis par air de 24 litres de cylindrées boite à vitesse cinq marches avant plus une marche arrière vitesse de 30 à 40 km à l'heure autonomie de 150 km armement un canon de75/34 alimentées à 65ccoups 1 mitrailleuse coaxiale le Breda 8 mm alimenté à 576 coups (24 chargeurs de 24 coups)
Je remercie le Web master du site Modellismo Piu et Vincent Bourguignon The Italian tank P40.
Introduction The Italy of Mussolini run a long time after a medium tank which can be compared with the productions of other nations
Indeed, the belligerents before the Second World War produced various medium tanks like BT 7. S. 35, and Pz IV. . Italy did not produce tanks of this type before the beginning of the Second World War. The Regio Esercito had to be contented with light tanks of the series M 13 or super light like the tankettes of the series L. It is necessary to wait the year 1943 to see arriving a true medium tank able to rival with the others medium Tanks. But unfortunately this tank will arrive too late :100 specimens will be built and they all will be almost used by German. The tank P 40.
It had a very long development. We can find the first mentions of this tank in the publication “Impiego Unite Carriste” of December 1 1938 which draws up the card programs of this tank. This Tank class 20 25 tons will be
Have a speed of maximum of 32 km/Hour Have a 10 hour endurance to the combat. It must be armed with a gun 47 /32 mm in turret and 2 machine-guns with 8 mm. This tank having the same armament that the tank of the series M must be thus ready to operate with this one. The crew would be 6 to 8 men. It appears quickly that the caliber of the gun is manifestly insufficient for a rupture tank , also after study in July 1940 it was decided to arm the tank with a gun of 75 mm with a coaxial gun of 20 mm The. July 26ht 1940, the characteristics of the new tank are revealed. This tank will be a tank of the class 32 T, with a length of 7.32, a motorization allowing him to roll to 32 km hour with a 10 hour endurance either or of 200 km. It will be armed with a gun out of turret of 75 mm with a coaxial machine-gun of 8 mm an another machine-gun in the neck of the turret On the glacis front we found a secondary turret has a 20 mm gun.Ansaldo firm quickly presents a wood mock up of the tank The motorisation was a Diesel engine with injection of 12 cylinders / V. This tank had the driver's cab in the center and his cockpit was surrounded of two machine-guns in frontal casemate. The principal armament however was concentrated in the turret with the gun of 75 mm and a coaxial machine-gun of 8mm. Two other models were ordered (Ansaldo and Centro dei Studi della Motorizazione)
The differences relating primarily to the secondary armament and the motorization. Ansaldo presenting its new model with always the driver's cab at the center and the similar secondary armament with the first model.
The difference is a new engine much simpler which was a V12 cylinders without injection. The turret then received a coaxial armament of 20 mm. In October 7th 1940 Marshal Graziani chief of staff publishes a note of Mussolini envisaging the construction of 500 tanks armed with a gun of 75/18mm and a coaxial gun of 20 mm . To go more quickly it was decided, to melt the two prototypes in only one tank. The hull would come from the “Centro dei Studi della Motorizazione” when the turret would be from Ansaldo. The tank was called P 75 because of the armament in turret. However in May the 41 a note of the chief of staff of the army orders to call it P. 40 because the studies began in 1940. The choices of the armament and the motorization are always in the center of a lively debate. The diesel motorization was the winner but the way of petrol engine is always open .Engine FIAT 262 to 12 cylinders of will be even proposed it was even studied the possibility of placing in the tank the Maybach HL 12 engine Two versions are also studied from the start ”Coloniale” version and “Veloce” version but those is quickly abandoned. The first turns of wheel of the machine take place at November 1941 and they put immediately forward serious problems engine. The tank is presented on November 12th of 1941 at the officials. If the problem of the choice of the motorization were resolved . the choice of the armament is always in suspense . All that involves delays on the development of the machine because it is permanently necessary to re-examine the architecture of the turret. It is only on July 1st of 1942 which the final choice is made. The final silhouette of the tank is not without pointing out that of T. 34 whose specimen had been captured and brought in Rome for studies. The tests of fire take place in August 1942 what makes it is possible to be able to launch construction in series of the tank November 15th of 1942. The tank P 40 is officially adopted on November ,22th of 1942 by the circular 7 873/ 10.3.1.4 But the military situation of Italy is verybad. The bombardments combined upon the” Italian Boot” are umerous. The SPA SPA which were to build the tank are bombarded and put out of service for six months and it is only in May 1943 that the production can begin The engineers studed immediately on the big brother of P. 40 and its derivatives the P 43 and the P 43 (a) which are ordered immediately on desing plate 150 specimens The P43 should have been armed with a gun of 90 mm
Italy would have then a heavy tank of the class of the Panther
In fact the P 43 the P 43 (a) would have been tanks of class 30 to 40 T with a gun of 90/42mm especially for P 43 (a) speed for more than 40 km hour. After the construction of this tank is putting the previous question of the problem of the transport of this tank A Tank travelling by its own means wear out quickly. Also It is envisaged to built , a system of trailer carries tank. The Viberti firm, was selected to produce " rimorchio porta carro P40" this trailer has a set of tires of 16 wheels carried by four axles it is long 14 meters.
Motorization.
The mototization is always a problem for a tank and P 40 did not escape from the rule. It is indeed necessary to placing in a space restricts a power unit Compact ,light and powerful but also which can be easily repaired. The choice also must be made between the diesel and the gasoline . Each type has its partisans and its detractors. As we see it P40 was in the center sharp debates. A long time the Italians cherish the illusion to be able to put in this tank the Maybach HL 120 gasoline That was only an illusion because never the Germans will The production The production total is now very know . It is different according to german or Italians archives But it is a fact this tank was built almost exclusively for German. Indeed the P 40 was presented by Hitler at a demonstration at the Arrys camps in Eastern Prussia. This one made a strong impression with Hitlers which decided the immediate ordering of this tank in series for the German army
150 tanks were immediately ordered Octobre ,5th 1943
The first tanks were immediately seized by the German authorities and assigned to Wehrmacht. . theDecember 30th 1943 five P. 40 were a service in a unit of drive of the Ausbildung Abt Süd (Heeresgruppe C). The archives give differents total For Italian In 1943, 12 tanks with engine and 11 without engine are produced. In 1944 48 tanks with engine and 29 without engine are produced. What gives a total of 101 tanks. These figures differ from the German archives which give 150 built tanks. The tanks without engine are assigned to static defense like casemate. Tanks are currently preserved in Italy at Rome at the Museum of the Motorization without engine and the other at Lecce at the school of Italian cavalry. Tactical employment. The tank P 40 would be take in the Italian Army the place of the semovente 75/12. Before the arrival in unit of the tanks Tank of battalion werecreated the I° at Vercelli on August,1st of1943 and the II° in Rome. Each battalion should have had 40 P 40 But he never enter in service the Italian royal army and it was only present at 4 specimens on the RSI army All the production was delivered to German who constituted three companies of tanks : 2 of Polizei and 1 of Waffen-SS. Other testimonys speaks about the use of 25 tanks with Anzio and also on the Gothic line in four sectors where P 40 without engine (P 40 ortfest) was used. The P 40 used by the SS were it in Friul and it is made mention of a combat between P40 de Kummerdorf against T. 34 Russians in 1945.
Description of this tank.
It presents a traditional way with a hull sheltered before the cockpit in the center the fighting compartment and in the back the engine (GMP). In the center is like as the T. 34 This tank although modern by its armament is an hold tank by his construction . Indeed all the hull of the tank is built around skeletons with bolts and the armored plates. The back compartment sheltered the diesel engine with two ventilators and radiators . . A trap door is also used for the inspection and maintenance. The mudguards, accomodate various elements like, the filters exhaust pipe a power generating unit and a case The two other parts of the tank received the pilot and the fight compartment and also various equipment like the radio the bare box and the batteries. The pilot reaches his post by via the armoured shutter in the front glacis (like T34) then the remainder of the crew reaches inside by a hatches located on the turret. The ventilation of the P40 is provide by a ventilator protected by an armoured loophole. The turret shelters the principal armament of the tank The fire will be provide by lever brings or by pedal. The coaxial machine-gun can be quickly dismounted to be put out of battery in air anti position on the turret. The movement of the turret is assured via dynamic Oléo pneumatic system or manuel system The power unit V. 12 diesels cooled by air can be launched electrically and it has a system of pre-warming for the cold climates. The running gear is the same of M Italian tanks with four rollers but largest and the caterpillars are 84 on each side. Derived
P40 colonial and Veloce which remained only prototypes.
Semovente 105/23 prototype SPG 149/40 built with few specimens for the German army. Specifications data. Type Carro Pesante P26/40 or Panzerkampfwagen P40 737(i) Weight 26 T crew 4 Length 5.8m Width 2.8m Height 2.5 m Motorization diesel V8 of 330 HP cooled by air of 24 liters cubic capacities limps at speed five gear before more one reverse gear Speed from 30 to 40 km/h Autonomy of 150 kms armament a gun de75/34 with 65coups 1 coaxial machine-gun Breda 8 mm fed with 576 cartridges (24 chargers of 24 cartridges)
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